Valve-gearing for locomotives.



Patented oon. 9,1917.

a-sHEETs-SHEET 1'.

HUGO LENrz, or BERLIN-HALENSEE,'Gams/LAMY.

i VALVE-GEARING FOR/YLOCOMOTIVES.

Patented oct. e, asia.- v Application led January 6, .1915. Serial No. 718. l s

To all whom' it may concern: Be it known that 1,'HUG0 LnNfrz, a citizen .of the German Empire, and 'resident of Berlin-Halensee, "Germany, -have invented certain` new and usefulflmprovements in Valve-Gearings for Locomotives, of which the following is a specification. i

My inventlonl relates to improvements inA valve gearing.' The invention is-espe'cially. useful for locomotives or other wheeled' ve 'hicles driven by engines, and morev particu'- larly for locomotiveengines havingV puppet valves withy spindles4 arranged transversely of the cam or lay shaft vwhich operates the spindles to control the valvesat each' end of the cylinders.

My invention has for' its object the'provision of improvedjmea'nslfor.balancing, in

' case of no'load, the pressure on opposite sides of the piston of the steam cylinder, and the invention consists in the 'novel arrangement, l construction' and combination of'parts hereinafter described and more particularly pointed out inv the appended claims.

In the 'preferred form ofthe invention I provide apparatus in'which .-in normal operation as well as when theengine lis running under no load a casing inclosing the valve controlling shaft is always in communication with the atmosphere, and in whichfor changing the positionr of the valve gearing from Working position 'to positionfor no load or vice versa pressure' is temporarily admitted t0 the Saidcasing. By meansof-` this arrangementattirst the valve stems are raised and thereafter the yshaft isshifted'v in such' a way thatin lieu of the admission cam' an auxiliary device in the form 'of a circular disk is brought into position to hold the admission '.valves in opening position and simultaneously the cams for con-` trolling the exhaust valves are shifted to in.-

operative positions so that the. exhaust` valves remain closed. vAv further feature of the invention is to construct the valve gearingin-such a-way, thatthe proper succession of the shifting movements of the valve shaft is assured and .that itis automatically shifted in axial direction by applying theret0 pressure which acts 'in one direction.

My invention will be more fully understood and further objects and advantages of A taken longitudinally nular grooves.

the following description taken in connect1on With the accompanying drawings.

For-the purpose of explaining the in. vention two examples embodying the same have been shown in the accompanying drawings, in which the same letters of reference have been used in all the'views'to indicate corresponding parts. In said drawings- Figure 1, isa section of the valve gearing of fthe casing incloising the valve controlling shaft', e

Fig. '2, is, a longitudinali section of the' anni Fm- I the invention will morefully appear from said casing taken perpendicularly of Fig. l

' 1, and Fig. 3 is alongitudinal section similar to that shown in Fig. 1 yand showing a modification of the invention.

"- Referring at first to the' exampleillu-strated in Figs. 1 'and 2, a casing 4 provided for inclo'singa-shaft 2,2 controlling admission and exhaust valves 7 and 15 iscast integral with thecylinder 1. l One, section of admitted to the cylinder through theadmisadmission 'andexhaust chambers are disthe .casing iscovered by'a chamber 5 to'f which live steam is suppliedp'rior to'being posed separately from each other, so that l heat .can nbt bes transmittedfrom one to the other. The chambers .5 and 13 are adapted to be thrown into communication with'tlie' 'cylinder through ports 16 connected one with each end ofthe cylinder. These ports are-adapted to be closed by means'of admis- .sion valves 7 and exhaustvalves 15 by means of which the steam is distributed .in the manner known in the art.

The double'faced'adri'ssion valves 7 are I secured to .stems 10 lwhich sare slidably mounted in bushings 1.1. Toobtain a steam tight t the said stems are formed with anthe same on their'seats. The vbushingsare ttedjwithin bores 12 which 'communicate The admission `valves arewith the hollow of the casing Llof the valve l 'shaft and are disposed perpendicularl'y of the-,'.axis thereof. ln a similarv way` the double faced exhaust valves 15 are acted upon by' springs 17 and they are secured 105 to stems 18 which are 'tted in a steamtigh'tw manner in bushings 19. The bushings 19 are iitted in bores 20 which end in the hollow of the casing 4 and are perpendicular thereto. Atv their outer ends. the bushings are made with annular lian 1es .19 which provide one ofthe seats of the exhaust valves 15.

The ends of the stems of the admission and exhaust valves are equipped with ant1- friction rollers 27. V'llo prevent the stems 10 and 18 from rotating transverse pins 23 are provided at the upper ends thereof which engage between guide lugs 29 made integral with caps 30 of the steam chest.

' rlhe admission and exhaust valves are operated bya rocking valve -shaft 22.- @ppc-- site the rollers 27 this shaft is providedwith admission cams 23 and exhaust cams 24. Atene side of the admission cams 23 a circular disk 46 is'provided on'the valve shaft,

" the radius of4 .which is equal to the largest radius of the admissionv cams. rllhe'valve shaft is formed with a reduced portion 22 which is located between the admission' and.

exhaust cams and extends beyond the latter to the end "of theshaft. 'lhe front4 or nonreduced part 22 is mounted in a'bushing 30 lwhich is iitted in a cap 31, and the opposite end 22 of the shaft is mounted in concentric bushings 32 and 33 fitted in bores of the bottom of` the casing. rllhe bushing 32 is K rigidly securedl by means of a transverse' pin 34 or thelilre 'to the shaft 22 and it is mounted in a steam tight manner in the bushing 33 andA longitudinally shiftable therein. To the end of the shaft 22fwhich i projects beyond the` cap 31 a crank arm 36 is secured by means of' pin 35 which'passes:

through a slot .137 -in the outer end ofA shaft 22 and by -means of this crank arm, move- .ment is impartedto the valve"shaft b any l preferred means. rlFhe length'of the s ot 37 is sufficient to permitlongitudinal di lacel l ment of the shaft relatively to the cran and its driving mechanism without disconnecting the same from thelatter.

The chamber provided by the valve 'Casing is 'divided into two sections 39 and 40 by means ofapartition member .38. which is constructed inthe form of a piston and ts in a steam tight manner on' the reduced portion 22 of the shaft 22. The partition member is locked as yagainst longitudinal. displacement within the valve caslng by' 'a screw 41," and the said screw 1s formed with an axial b'or'e through which a'suitable lubri- 'cant is supplied. tothe 'shaft 22, 22'. .The partition` member is constructed insuch a way,1that it is not acted upon by' pressure acting in one direction even vif pressure is admitted to the chambers 39- and 40.-

'llov the chambers 39 and 40 pipes 42 and 43 respectively are .connected which are equipped with two-Way cocks 44 and 45. Through the isaid cocks communication is ase-aces the said section 39 by means of which steam;

may pass from the section 39 ofthe main chamber tothe bearing surface. ofthe bushing 30. rlihe bore 51 is closedby a4 tap bolt 53 for the purposeof drainage.

The section 39 of themain chamber is alsor provided with a drain passage closed by a tap bolt '54, 'and likewise the main exhaust' ypassage 13 from the cylinders is provided with a drain passage normally-closed by a The operation 'of `the gearing is as. follows: 1n the normal operation of the gearing the .cams 23 and 24 are in positions for controlling the admission andl exhaust valves, as isshown in Fig. 1, and the cham bers39 and 40 are inl communication with the atmosphere, so that the pipes 42 and 43A have merely the function of vent pipes and there is no pressure vwithin the valve casing 4. Therefore itis not 'necessary to tighten the valve shaft as against the atmosphere.

l When the locomotive is driving downward an inclined road'the positionv ofthe valve gearing is changedby admitting pressure through the two-way cock A44 and to the chamber 39. Illhereby at first the admission valves 7 are opened, and thereafter the valve controlling shaft 22 is forced to the' left, because by reason of the dierence ofthe cross-sections of the ,reduced portion 22 and the non-reduced portion 22 of the valve controlling shaft an unbalanced crossfsectional area is presented to the 'liquid pressure, which` causes this movement.` lit will be noted that the lay or cam shaft cannot be thrust tothe left by the pressure until the pressurey has acted on the ends of the valve spindles 10 to move 'them outward beyond the @periphery of the circular 'disk 46which otherwise would engage them and.v prevent the laterahdisplacement of the shaft.I As' soonas the. .valve spindles 10 have been moved outwardly, however, by the action of the fluid pressure on their inner ends, the

' shaft 22 is f ree to be moved 'to the left Aunder fluid pressure, so las Ato bring the disk 46 in alinement with the inlet. valve spindles 10, whereupon, if thetwo-waycock 44.is.

pressure, 'the exhaust valves having been 130 I closed their springs. The valve lgear parts may be leftinthis' position as llong as the engine is ,running light, as when-coasting. When it is desired tof'again a ply power to the engine, the two-way' coc y45 1n pipe 43 communicating with chamber 40 of casing 4,-is connected with the source of pressure, whereupon the exhaust valve spindles 18 will be moved outward so as to permit the shaft 22 to be thrust to the right by iiuid pressure in the chamber 40. AThe. movement of this shaft23 to the right brings the cam 24 in alinement with the exhaust valve spindles 18 and also -moves the valveholdi'ng disk 46 from beneath the inlet valve spindles 10, the latter coming into engagement with vtheir operating cam 23 which was moved in alinement with them. It 'will be observed here' that the -sh'aft cannot be thrust to the. right until the' exhaust valves are opened bythe fluid pressure,' because until they are opened the inner ends of their spindles project into the path of movement of thev cam .24. l*This is important because By my improved'v construction simple and, reliable controlling V""nfieans 'areprovided which .operate in either theirV normal position z. e., with load 'on the engine, or in their.

shifted' or no load `position, without-.any

maintained pressure within -the casin 4, so. that special means for maintaining t1ght joints in the pressure chamber is notnecesr sary. By momentarily admltting pressure Yto the easing the gearing-can be setinto po- 'sitionforoperation under no load and vice versa, and the mechanical locking means provided by the cams assures the proper suc-f cession ofthe shiftingmovements of the valve controlling shaft.

shaft 22 is not subdivided into sections, and

' 'the hollow 'ofthe casing is connected to only one pipe 47with a two-way cock 48 so that when the Huid pressure is admitted to the casing 4, both the exhaust-and` inlet valve spindles are thrust outward to permit the shaft 22 tobe moved in either direction of its axis. The shaft 22 is passed through the bottom ,of the' casing 4 andl it carries at one en d a ring 49 which is engaged by anarm' 50 pivoted on `casing 1 and-adapted to be rocked by the" engineer for shifting the valve controlling shaft and the cams provided thereon in the direction of the axis. This modification of the apparatus is provided Iwith bores 51', 52 for admitting steam, from the main throughv pipe 47 to the casing 4, whereupon vall ofthe valve spindles are thrust outward so lthat the driver may, through the link50, .shift the shaft 22`to the left to hold open Ithey inlet valves which are held open by ters Patent, is

chambery to the bearing surface of the bush-v ing 30,- and the main pressure chamber and the exhaust passage 13 are eachprovided ,with drain passagesnormally closed respectively by taps 54', 55, allfa's described in connection. with Fi 1. l With this modi cation-of the apparatus shown in Fig. 3, when it is desired to run the engine light, fluid pressure is admitted the vdisk 46in the manner previously described, whereupon the pressure in the casing 4 may be exhausted by operating the valve'48', after which the exhaust valves are returned totheir closed position by the springs controlling them.v `When it isagain desired to apply power to the engine, fluid pressure vis again admitted to -the casing 4 v' and the exhaust valves' are moved outward against the pressure of their springs, per

mitting the shaft 22-carrying the cams to be, 90

'shifted to the right to again-bring theA cams lin alinement with their respective spindles to normally control the valves. l While I have shown and described the preferred form 4of myl invention, it will bel 95 .obvious to those skilled inthe art that various. modifications may be made without. de

parting-'from the Aspirit orscope'ofI the in- Y vention, and l d'0 not desire to limit the inventlonother than as indicated in the ap- 100 Having thusdescribed invention, what I claimas new and desire 'to secure by Let- 1;,In a valve gearing for` double-acting 105 steam enginesgU-the combination of. aninlet valvefor each end of the cylinder, a cam l shaft adapted to be shifted longitudinally of its axis and having a valve-operating cam, spindles for' the valves extending to- 110 ward-each other and transversely of the cam shaft and normallyoperativelyengaged by` Inthejmodilic'ation shown inFig. 3 the .casing 4 inclosing the' -valve controlling the cam, and means vlongitudinally shi-ft' y able with the shaft to be brought into posiv tion to hold thevalves open simultaneously 115 toward each other and transversely of the 1,25,

camshaft and normally operatively engaged by the cam, means longitudinally shiftable with the shaft tobe brought into positionto," hold the valves o pen simultaneously when the shaft is shifted for running light, 130i whereby pressure at each end of 'the syl -inder vvis e ualized when riunnirw1 li ht t y c) 9 y n the valves open when said member is shifted Y of a cani yshaft adapted tobeshifted 'longiand springs normally valves closed.

holding said puppet 3., lin afvalve. gearingythe combination of ai cam shaft adapted to be shifted longituvdinallyof its axis., a casing inolosing-a part of' said shaft," means for admitting fluid pressure tothe casing, one or more inlet valves having spindles disposed transversely of theshaft and projecting into the casing so as to be operated by the fluid pressure` therein' tovmove the valves to one position, a camJon the shaft for normally operating the valves, and means "adapted to be, moved into'oper'ative engagement with bthe v-alve spindles When theshaft isv shifted for lholding the valves Opem-Whereby-uid pressure may be'admitted atthe same time oneah side of a' piston governed bysaid vali/Tes.4 l

.fl. fn a 'valve gearing,` :the f combination rtudinvally ofits "axis, la casing incloslng a part bf'- said shaft, 'means for -.admitting' fluidpressure tothecasing, oneor more 1n\, "let valves, having spindles. disposed transverse'ly-"of 'the shaft andfprojecting'i'nto the casing-seastojbeop'eratedby the iui'dp'res I n. and 'means carried' bythe shaft and shirts ysure therein ,to open the valves, a cam-on theshaft` for normally-operating the "valves,

able". therewith 4and extending out radiallyT the spindles.

from the -shaft beyond the adjacent endI of the spindles for holding .theA valves 4open when. th-'e shaft isshifted to bring said hold .ing AIneansin' operative engagement With 5. ina-,valve gearing-,the,Combinaties i' 'A a camshaft adapted to be shifted longi'tndi-- 4o nallyj of its axis, acasinginclosing'a part of Jsaid shaf-txmeansfor" admitting `fluid.

Y pressure to-thecasing,said shaft havingfun-4 'balanced cr0sssectional areas 'upon' Whichthe fluid pressure .in the' casing acts to oause ing. into the casing' so as tobeoperated by' the ,fluid lpressure therein to move the 'valves to one position, acam -on'lthe shaft for nerr maily operating the valves, and meansmoved into operative engagement vvitl'ithe.

the shaft to be shifted by said pressu re,one I f or morev inlet .valves` having spindles dis,-

posed transversely of the shaft and projectvalve spindles When the shaft is shift'edfor v valvesvhavingspindles disposedtransversely f to the member and projecting into the 'ease` holding the -valves open, whereby fluidpresysure rmayl be admitted lat Kthe same ltime" on each siderof apiston governed said valves. i

a shiftable Imember adapted tol be 'shifted fluid pressure 4to the easing, one 'or'lmore ingfso as te be operated by the fluid presm i. .ma i i i wat sure therein to open ene valves, said shirt`A able member having provision for holding tudinally of its axis to'movethe cam from operativeengagement with the spindles, and springs for seating said valves, said spindles projecting intothe -path of movement 'of the shiftable'cam, 'vvhen the valves are seat- 'ed and the cam displaced from alinement fvvith the spindles, to prevent said cam vbeing -member being adapted to be shifted longi- A shifted back into alinement Withfthe spin dles.`

', ln a valve gearing, the 'combi-nation of v-a cam' shaft 'vv-ith means forshifting same longitudinally ofv its-axis, l a plurality ofA cams on said shaft, a casing inclosing a pore tion 'of sai-d shaft, means for admittingy Huid pressure to the casing, one or more inlet-.valves andon'e or more exhaust valvesthe'inlet valve spindles when the shaft is shiftedandadapted to hold said' inletpvalves open vwhen in itsshifted position;

I9. ln a valve gearing, a cam shaft adapted to; be shifted longitudinally of its axis, a' plurality of cams on said shaft, a easing-inolosing Ya .portion vof* said having spindles disposed transversely of the, l shaftand projecting intothe casing so as to be operated by the fluid pressure therein to openl said valves, springs adaptedto close said valves,.and means acent the camfoi". f the inlet valves .shiftable with the shaft to.

bebroughtinto'operative engagement with ies the combination of iiof shaft,meansfor admitting Huid pressure to the casing, one or more inlet valvesand one ormoreexh'aust valves having ,spindles dis-I posed' rtransversely .of the shaft .andpro-` 4jeeting into' the :casing so as to be oper!- ated -bythefluid' pressure thereinto open said valves, springs' adapted to close said ,v .valves,andmeansl adjacent the cam for the inlet valves `shiftable with the shaft to be brought into operative engagement Withl the inlet'valve spindles when the shaftis shiftf )ed tand. adapted to hold said inlet valves.' open-When .inits shifted position, said last means extending radiallyfrom the shaft be- .yon'd the inner .end of the inlet valve spindles when the 4valves are seated,'vvhereby-the inlet valve spindles must be moved outwardly toopen said valves before the shaft is'shifted '.to move the camsl out 'of alinement With iso amante their corresponding valve spindlesso as to prevent the closing of the exhaust valves until the inlet valves are held open, and the inner ends of the exhaust I valve spindles,

when the valves v'are seated, projecting' into Athe path 'of movement of the 'exhaust cam when shifted toward the eizhaust spindles,

one'for each end of the cylinder having their whereby the exhaust Avalves must be .opened by the time the shaft'is-shifted. into position spindles extending transversely of the mem- .ber and into the casing to be engaged by said part when shifted -to hold the valves open, said inlet valves being normally biased to their closed position, exhaust valves spindles' extending: transversely ofl the shaft with `their innerends projecting into the Y casin to be operated by one ofthe cams on other and the valve spindle cation of. 'fluid' ber being soI arranged with respect to eachthe 's aft," means foi-controlling the applipressure to the casing for operating thevalve spindles and means forrocking the shiftable, cam-carrying member -to 'control-the valves during normal operaf tion, the projections-on said lshiftable mem? j s that the inlet andoutlet vvalves are opened and closed inl proper sequence, when their regular operai tion is disturbed bythe shifting of the shiftable meinber. l l11. In a-v'alve gearing, the combination'of a casing, a shiftable:valve-operating 'mem f a cam shaft adapted to b e shifted 'longitudl-A ber Withinthe 'casing adapted to be shifted longitudinally thereof, an inlet valve'operat ilzi cam on one portion of'saidmembenan e aust valve operating camjon another. portion'of said member, a partition dividing .the casing' transversely intotwo chambers' one for each cam, inlet valves, having spindles projecting into the Ac han 1ber'con taining -theinlet valve operating cam so as to be operatedfby"saidcam, the exhaust' valves *having spindlesi extending into the other chamber so fas `to Zbe.- operated b y the exhaust valve operating cam,l means for.

rockin said shiftable membento operatethe va ves in the normalrunningof. an' en gine, means controllingthe application fof fluid pressure to" said chambers 'to inove'- the valve spindles. outwardly tofopen the'. valves, said' valves having means forclosing them when thefluid ressu're is released,i and a part adjacent theinlet cam and shiftable" therewith for engaging the inlet .valveexhaust spindles to hold them open'when the'shift7 able'memberis-moved to displace the cams from their normal operating positionl 1 12.5In a valve of a casing, a shiftablevalve a operating dividing the casingltransversely into two chambers one foreach cam, the portion-0f said shiftable member in 'each of said 'cham-f caring, the combination'- f7@ member w1th1n the caslng adapted to be bers having unbalanced' cross-sectional areas to. be 'acted upon. by fluid pressure the larger cross-sectional area. in .Y

' therein,

one chamber beingarrangedso that the ap#I .plication of fluid pressureto .the chamber will move the shiftable member in 'one di-v rection, yand the larger-crosssectional area in the'oth'er chamber being. arranged so that the application of pressure in said last chamopposite direction,. inlet valves having spindlesprojecting 'into the chamber conber will move the shiftable member in the i l 'feo .talning the'lnlet valve operatingcam so as to be operated by saidcam, the exhaust valvesl havingV spindles extending l'finto' the .otherfchamber-so as to be operated by the valve operating cam, means for'l rocking said shiftable member to operate'the valves in the normal running of a-n engine, 'means controllin `the lapplication of Huid4 pressureto said c amber's t-o move the valve spindles outwardly toppen the. -valves ,-"said to hold them normal operating position. l.13.' In a valve gearing, the combination 'of -nallyl'ofi its axis'and having avalve-operating cam, means for rocking open when .the shiftable menr' ber is moved to displacethe eamsl from their T valves havln'g means for closing thernfwhen posed transversely of lthe: sha

mally .operatively engaged bythe cam, and means lfon 'tudi'nally, shiftable lwith' the shaft to'b'e lrought vinto position to liold'the valves in.

shifted. l

and nor-t suretof 'thercasing, one .or moreinlet valves having spindles disposed transversely .of thel .'12`5 be operated by the -ji'u'id 'pressure'therein' to. open the"valves, a cam 4onthe shaftfornorf shaft and projectinginto the casing sofas f-to mally' operating the; valves, means 'for roek-l 1ng" the shaft' tof means'zerrieibrt. e andshifter operate the valves, Vandel' i h I with its cams out of position for engagel 17. Ina valve gearing, :the combination` with the Yalyes, of a valve controlling shaft and lits bamsVaicasing' inclosing said shaft" and comprising twolsections each inclosing' i therewith*andextending out radially from the shaft lbeyond the adjacent end of the 7 spindles for holding the valves open when the shaft is shifted to bring said means 1n operative'engagement with the spindles.

15. fn a valve gearing, vthe combination.y with the Valves, of avalVe controlling shaft .l and itscams, a casing inclosing said' shaft, members connected with the Valves and 'eX- tending into `saidcasinginto positionsfor being acted upon by said cams', means for producing iiuidp'ressure within the casingv 'for acting on .said members so as to shift the with the Valves, of a ialve controlling shaft and its cams,`a casing inclosing said Shaft. and -comprising two sections each inclosing one of the cams and normally open to the atmosphere, members connected' with the valves and extending into saidlcasing into 4 same together'with the valves,` means for shiftingthe shaft' in longitudinal direction ment with the members, andmeans on the shaft adapted whenthe shaft is shifted to engage the members connected with theadmission valves for holding the sameopen. e

i 16.111. a Valve' gearing, the combinationwith the :valvesg vof a Valve controlling shaft Iand its cams, a 'casing vint-:Losing said shaft, amembers connected with the valves. and extending into said casinginto positions for v being acted upnby said cams, means for l producing Huid; pressure within the l. casing for acting on said members So'as to Shift the same together with Vthe valves, Ameans adapted,I when saidmembers are lifted, vto shift the shaft in longitudinal direction with 'its .cams `out of, p'osltion -for engagement with Athe members, and means on 'the shaft ar? rangedtogether withl at least 'one of said members for locking the shaftv as against ,longitudinal displacement while saidv member, isin engagement withits cam and adapted whentlie shaft' i's shiftedto engage the -members `-(K )ii'n'ected with Ithfe 'admission valves for holding thelsame. open.

one ofthe ca1fnq1's5V 'members'connected with the 'valves and`eXtend-ing into said casing into "positions for being' acted upon by said cams, means for-'producinguid -pressure gether' with the Valves, means for shifting the shaft in longitudinal-directionl with 'its positions for being acted upon by said cams, means Ifor producin pressure within either one of said casings flo bers so as to shift the same together with` thevalves means for shifting the shaft in longitudinal dire'etion'with its cams out of r acting on said mem- Vposition .for engagement with the members, andmeans on the shaft arranged together' with said members for locking the shaft as against longitudinal displacement while said member .is 1n engagement with its cam and adapted when the shaft is shifted to engage the members connected with the admission Valves for holding the same open.

19. ln a valve gearing, the combination with the valves, of a valvecontrolling shaft and its cams; a 'casing inclosing said shaft and comprising two sections each inclosing joneof' the cams andnorm'ally` open to the atmosphere, the'part of the shaft which is located within the sections being reduced in cross-section as comparedto those which pass Ythrough the walls of thel casing, members A ing witnesses. within eithrone of said. casbinfgsy for actingy l" en said members so asto shift the same to 'f Iconnected with, the valves and extending into -said .casing into positions for being acted uponby, vsaid cams, means for producing fluid pressure within either one'of said casing's for acting 'on said members so as to vshift 'the same together with the Valves, and means on the shaft adapted when the shaft is .shiftedto engage the members connectedv with the admission Valves for holding the same open. l

'In testimony whereof, ll have signed this specification in the presence of two subscrib- `Witnesses: 'izr f VVOLDEMAR Ham? lli-fanny Hnsmna j" muso mantra 

